![]() ![]() digital images, videos) for animal studies is likely to depend on the purpose of the stimuli. Therefore, the suitability of artificial representations (e.g. 2010).Ī variety of factors, including cognitive limitations or experience with images, could influence which processing mode is deployed by animals and ultimately lead to differences in how images are treated by humans and other animal species (Fagot and Parron 2010). images are used as referential cues for real-life objects, Fagot 2000 Fagot et al. In a processing mode of equivalence, images are understood as representations of their referents (i.e. Conversely, in a mode of independence, images could be perceived as different from their referents without making an association between objects and their images. In a mode of confusion, images and their real-life exemplars are perceived and treated as functionally and physically the same thing. ( 2010) proposed that animals could ‘read’ images using different processing modes. Moreover, how images are perceived and cognitively processed is not fully understood for most animal species (Fagot 2000 Fagot et al. This might be because pictures designed for the human eye may not result in the same sensory experiences in other species with different functional visual systems (Fagot and Parron 2010 Weisman and Spetch 2010). However, scientific evidence of object-image recognition in animals is not always consistent (reviewed in Fagot 2000 Bovet and Vauclair 2000 Weisman and Spetch 2010). Screen-displayed visuals are of advantage in research as stimulus timing and presentation of identical stimuli can be repeatedly presented to the same or to different subject animals (D’Eath 1998). printed photos, digital images, silhouettes, videos) are used as substitutes for real-life objects, or individuals, in cognition studies of non-human animals, including horses. Visual 2-dimensional representations (e.g. age, welfare state) might have influenced animals’ response to the images, and the importance of validating the suitability of stimuli of this kind for cognitive studies in horses. We discuss how methodological factors and individual differences (i.e. Our findings thus question whether horses recognise real-life objects from digital images. Only one horse touched the correct image above chance level across 10 image trials (9/10 correct responses, p = 0.021). At first image presentation, all but two horses spontaneously responded to the images with the learnt behaviour by contacting one of the two images, but the number of horses touching the correct image was not different from chance (14/27 horses, p > 0.05). After discrimination learning (three consecutive sessions of 8/10 correct trials), horses were immediately tested with on-screen images of the objects over 10 image trials interspersed with five real object trials. Riding-school horses ( N = 27) learnt to touch one of two objects (target object counterbalanced between horses) to instantly receive a food reward. We expected that horses trained to discriminate between two real-life objects would show the same learnt response to digital images of these objects indicating that the images were perceived as objects, or representations of such. Horses are reported to recognise objects and individuals (conspecifics and humans) from printed photographs, but it is unclear whether image recognition is also true for digital images, e.g. photographs or digital images) of real-life physical objects has been an important tool in studies of animal cognition. On my reading of the book all he had to do was what he did last week.The use of 2-dimensional representations (e.g. I don't mind he was 25/1 then but I just cannot believe he was 7/1 today. Danny thought he had gone lame and went to pull him up. He hit into himself coming down the hill in Limerick and it ruined his stride. ![]() Things went wrong in Limerick and that's why he was 25/1 in Tramore. I said you ride him the way you see fit and Roddy will agree with that, that's what he did. I told Danny going out that Roddy is one of the old type owners and that he'd let you ride him your way, don't be panicking about having to be up there or anything. Roddy, that owns him, would love to have a chaser and so would I. He's a lovely well made horse and the O'Byrnes are into national hunt racing all their lives. We'll pick somewhere again in about two weeks time and then he'll go chasing. We loved to think we'd go to Listowel but if it's soft ground he doesn't handle it. He likes good ground and that's why we pulled him out again so quick. After race at Kilbeggan Fri, 19th Aug, 2022 (1st) ![]()
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